Table 1 Socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics of postpartum women at the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital during COVID-19 (N = 3765)

Age (years)

0.001

 ≤ 19

26 (1.43)

62 (3.19)

88 (2.34)

 > 19–24

186 (10.21)

217 (11.16)

403 (10.7)

 > 24–35

1110 (60.96)

1195 (61.47)

2305 (61.22)

 > 35–45

496 (27.24)

468 (24.07)

964 (25.6)

 > 45

3 (0.16)

2 (0.1)

5 (0.13)

Ethnicity

0.160

 Thai

1756 (96.43)

1891 (97.27)

3647 (96.87)

 Others^a

65 (3.57)

53 (2.73)

118 (3.13)

Marital status

0.255

 Single

499 (27.4)

496 (25.51)

995 (26.43)

 Married

1258 (69.08)

1368 (70.37)

2626 (69.75)

 Divorce

1 (0.05)

5 (0.26)

6 (0.16)

 Widow

0

1 (0.05)

1 (0.03)

 No data of marital status

63 (3.46)

74 (3.81)

137 (3.64)

Residence

0.232

 Bangkok

1164 (63.92)

1279 (65.79)

2443 (64.89)

 Others

657 (36.08)

665 (34.21)

1322 (35.11)

Reimbursement

0.001

 Universal coverage

311 (17.08)

397 (20.42)

708 (18.8)

 Social security scheme

1171 (64.31)

1264 (65.02)

2435 (64.67)

 Self-paid

103 (5.66)

92 (4.73)

195 (5.18)

 KCMH^b

74 (4.06)

47 (2.42)

121 (3.21)

 Government

160 (8.79)

144 (7.41)

304 (8.07)

 No data of reimbursement

2 (0.11)

0

2 (0.05)

Gravidity

0.936

 1

908 (46.71)

850 (46.68)

908 (46.71)

 2

647 (33.28)

620 (34.05)

647 (33.28)

 3

265 (13.63)

246 (13.51)

265 (13.63)

 4

94 (4.84)

78 (4.28)

94 (4.84)

 ≥ 5

30 (1.54)

27 (1.48)

30 (1.54)

Living child ^c

0.163

 0

1054 (57.88)

1181 (60.75)

2235 (59.36)

 1

596 (32.73)

593 (30.5)

1189 (31.58)

 2

142 (7.8)

131 (6.74)

273 (7.25)

 ≥ 3

29 (1.59)

39 (2.01)

68 (1.81)

Number of ANC

0.468

 0

10 (0.55)

9 (0.46)

19 (0.5)

 1–4

64 (3.51)

83 (4.27)

147 (3.9)

 ≥ 5

1747 (95.94)

1852 (95.27)

3599 (95.59)

Pre-Pregnancy body mass index (kg/m ² ) [20]

0.713

 Underweight < 18.5

287 (15.76)

316 (16.26)

603 (16.02)

 Normal 18.5-<23

853 (46.84)

935 (48.1)

1788 (47.49)

 Overweight 23-27.5

465 (25.54)

479 (24.64)

944 (25.07)

 Obesity > 27.5

216 (11.86)

213 (10.96)

429 (11.39)

 No data of pre-pregnancy BMI

0

1 (0.05)

1 (0.03)

Underlying medical disease

 Yes

198 (10.87)

221 (11.37)

419 (11.13)

 No

1623 (89.13)

1723 (88.63)

3346 (88.87)

Hematologic disease ^d

0.061

 Yes

93 (5.11)

128 (6.58)

221 (5.87)

 No

1728 (94.89)

1816 (93.42)

3544 (94.13)

Endocrine disease ^e

0.745

 Yes

44 (2.42)

43 (2.21)

87 (2.31)

 No

1777 (97.58)

1901 (97.79)

3678 (97.69)

Psychiatric disease ^f

0.043

 Yes

12 (0.66)

4 (0.21)

16 (0.42)

 No

1809 (99.34)

1940 (99.79)

3749 (99.58)

Neurologic disease ^g

> 0.999

 Yes

8 (0.44)

9 (0.46)

17 (0.45)

 No

1813 (99.56)

1935 (99.54)

3748 (99.55)

Rheumatologic disease ^h

0.296

 Yes

14 (0.77)

9 (0.46)

23 (0.61)

 No

1807 (99.23)

1935 (99.54)

3742 (99.39)

Cancer ⁱ

0.442

 Yes

9 (0.49)

6 (0.31)

15 (0.40)

 No

1812 (99.51)

1938 (99.69)

3750 (99.60)

HIV status

0.312

 Positive

9 (0.49)

15 (0.77)

24 (0.64)

 Negative

1812 (99.51)

1929 (99.23)

3741 (99.36)

Hypertensive disorder

0.624

 No hypertensive disorder

1651 (90.66)

1784 (91.77)

3435 (91.24)

 Chronic hypertension

21 (1.15)

16 (0.82)

37 (0.98)

 Gestational hypertension

47 (2.58)

39 (2.01)

86 (2.28)

 Preeclampsia or eclampsia

89 (4.89)

92 (4.73)

181 (4.81)

 Chronic hypertension with superimpose preeclampsia

13 (0.71)

13 (0.67)

26 (0.69)

Diabetes

0.130

 No gestational diabetes

1649 (90.55)

1733 (89.15)

3382 (89.83)

 Gestational diabetes type 1

86 (4.72)

89 (4.58)

175 (4.65)

 Gestational diabetes type 2

70 (3.84)

91 (4.68)

161 (4.28)

 Overt DM

16 (0.88)

31 (1.59)

47 (1.25)

Placenta previa/low lying

0.304

 Yes

33 (1.81)

45 (2.31)

78 (2.07)

 No

1788 (98.19)

1899 (97.69)

3687 (97.93)

Previous cesarean section

0.286

 Yes

336 (18.45)

332 (17.08)

668 (17.74)

 No

1485 (81.55)

1612 (82.92)

3097 (82.26)

Previous myomectomy

0.714

 Yes

13 (0.71)

16 (0.82)

29 (0.77)

 No

1808 (99.29)

1928 (99.18)

3736 (99.23)

Multiple pregnancy

0.300

 Yes

86 (4.72)

78 (4.01)

164 (4.36)

 No

1735 (95.28)

1866 (95.99)

3601 (95.64)

Fetal complication ^j

0.048

 Yes

61 (3.35)

44 (2.26)

105 (2.79)

 No

1760 (96.65)

1900 (97.74)

3660 (97.21)

Oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios

0.241

 Yes

34 (1.87)

26 (1.34)

60 (1.59)

 No

1787 (98.13)

1918 (98.66)

3705 (98.41)

Primary infertility

0.195

 Yes

85 (4.67)

74 (3.81)

159 (4.22)

 No

1736 (95.33)

1870 (96.19)

3606 (95.78)

Route of delivery

0.192

 Vaginal delivery

850 (46.68)

949 (48.82)

1799 (47.78)

 Cesarean section

971 (53.32)

995 (51.18)

1966 (52.22)

Gestational age at delivery

0.818

 22–28

27 (1.48)

29 (1.49)

56 (1.49)

 > 28–34

94 (5.16)

96 (4.94)

190 (5.05)

 > 34–37

446 (24.49)

453 (23.3)

899 (23.88)

 > 37

1254 (68.86)

1366 (70.27)

2620 (69.59)

Birthweight (grams)

0.693

 Very low birthweight (< 1500)

60 (3.29)

66 (3.4)

126 (3.35)

 Low birth weight (1500–2500)

223 (12.25)

215 (11.06)

438 (11.63)

 Normal birth weight (2500–4000)

1514 (83.14)

1634 (84.05)

3148 (83.61)

 Large for gestational age (> 4000)

24 (1.32)

29 (1.49)

53 (1.41)

APGAR score at 1 min

0.101

 0–3

19 (1.04)

31 (1.59)

50 (1.33)

 4–6

51 (2.8)

45 (2.31)

96 (2.55)

 7–10

1748 (95.99)

1868 (96.09)

3616 (96.04)

 No data of APGAR score at 1 minute^k

3 (0.16)

0

3 (0.08)