Table 3 Themes highlighting barriers and facilitators under the socioecological framework

Individual

Microsystems

1. Lack of awareness and access to services,

2. Lack of SRHR education,

3. Fear of fatal consequences,

4. Blame, Guilt and Shame,

5. Alcohol and Other Drugs,

1. Peer dynamics and support

a. Friends as confidants

b. Seeking opinions and advice

c. Experience sharing

2. Safety and contraceptives choices

a. Personal experiences

b. Contraceptive options

c. Access to Peer SRH information at student-organised events

d. Protection from STIs and unplanned pregnancy

Mesosystems

1. Family conflict,

2. Social isolation and stigma

3. Gender knowledge gap

4. Sexual violence

5. Lack of confidentiality and trust

6. Insensitivity

Exosystem

1. Lack of professional support

2. Language barriers

3. Policy impact

4. Lack of SRHR education in the curriculum

5. Lack of access to services

Digital and information access

a. Google for SRH information

b. Social media platforms

c. Other Internet sites

Macrosystem

1. Cultural and societal norms

2. Religious beliefs

3. Moral boundaries

4. Media and culture