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Table 5 Summary of Findings (Quality of the evidence for measurement properties results of the PROMS)

From: The psychometric properties of fear of childbirth instruments: a systematic review

PROM

Content validity

Structural validity

Internal consistency

Cross-cultural validity

Reliability

Construct validity

Overall rating1

QoE2

Overall rating

QoE

Overall rating

QoE

Overall rating

QoE

Overall rating

QoE

Overall rating

QoE

Fear of childbirth questionnaire (Areskog)

 ± 

Very lowa,b

?

NA

?

NA

?

NA

?

NA

?

NA

FDQ

 ± 

Very lowa,b

?

NA

?

High

?

NA

?

NA

–

High

W-DEQ-A

 ± 

Very lowa,b

–

Moderateb

–

Moderateb

?

NA

 + 

High

 + (in line with H1, H2 & H3)

Moderate b

W-DEQ-B

 ± 

Very lowa,b

–

Moderateb

–

Moderateb

?

NA

 + 

High

 ± (in line with H2);

- (in line with H3)

Moderate b

DFS

 ± 

Lowa,b

 + 

High

 + 

High

?

NA

 + 

High

 + (in line with H1);

- (in line with H2;

 + (in line with H3)

Moderate b

Unnamed (Melender et al.)

 + 

Lowa

?

Moderatea

?

High

?

NA

?

NA

?

NA

Unnamed (Eriksson)

 + 

Moderate a

?

Moderatea

?

Moderateb

?

NA

?

NA

?

NA

Unnamed (Laursen et al.) [15]

 ± 

Very lowa,b

?

NA

?

NA

?

NA

?

NA

?

Very low a

Unnamed (Waldenstro¨m et al. [40])

 ± 

Very lowa,b

?

NA

?

NA

?

NA

?

NA

?

NA

VAS

 ± 

Very lowa,b

?

NA

?

NA

?

NA

?

NA

 + 

High

FOBS

 ± 

Very lowa,b

?

NA

?

High

?

NA

 + 

High

?

High

NRS

 ± 

Very lowa,b

?

NA

?

NA

?

NA

?

NA

 + (in line with H1 &2)

High

BAS

 ± 

Very lowa,b

?

NA

?

High

?

NA

?

NA

?

NA

SPECS

 + 

Moderatea

?

Moderatea

?

High

?

NA

?

NA

 + 

High

Slade FCQ

 + 

High

 + 

High

 + 

High

?

NA

 + 

High

 + (in line with H1)

High

Fear of childbirth (Prelog et al.)

?

Very lowa

?

Moderatea

?

High

?

NA

?

NA

 + 

High

CFQ

?

Very lowa

 + 

High

 + 

High

 + 

High

?

NA

 + (in line with H1)

- (in line with H2)

High

CFS

?

Moderatea

?

Moderatea

?

High

?

NA

 + 

High

 + (in line with H1)

High

  1. 1Overall rating: + = Sufficient rating, − = Insufficient rating, ± = inconsistent rating, ? = indeterminate rating
  2. 2QoE (Quality of the evidence): using a modified GRADE approach (Rating: high, moderate, low, very low evidence); a: downgraded for Risk of Bias; b: downgraded for inconsistency