Association analysis of maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and offspring asthma incidence

Bao, Lili; Liu, Yuan; Zhang, Yuhong; Qian, Qian; Wang, Yifen; Li, Wei; Yu, Yanyan

doi:10.1186/s12978-025-01967-6

Reproductive Health

Table 2 Distribution of exposure to air pollution during the pre-pregnancy period and all periods of pregnancy

From: Association analysis of maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and offspring asthma incidence

Period	Mean	Standard	Quantiles					Range
Period	Mean	deviation	2.5	25	50	75	97.5	Range
PM_2.5 (μg/m³)
90 days before pregnancy	55.44	19.19	27.94	39.94	53.48	70.92	91.21	86.67
First trimester	51.10	17.51	25.78	37.39	48.60	62.88	87.69	87.80
Second trimester	48.35	16.24	26.40	35.73	44.69	58.33	85.43	86.59
Third trimester	50.46	17.65	26.56	34.74	47.36	64.31	86.64	81.48
Whole gestation	49.99	7.16	38.89	44.39	49.32	54.32	64.79	44.29
PM₁₀ (μg/m³)
90 days before pregnancy	95.14	27.78	49.62	72.61	93.9	118.22	145.87	132.84
First trimester	89.94	27.00	46.73	66.61	90.16	109.87	139.32	205.45
Second trimester	84.82	24.19	48.28	65.73	83.45	99.76	137.01	135.58
Third trimester	84.98	25.57	46.07	62.40	85.73	102.31	135.22	127.02
Whole gestation	85.92	12.29	66.53	77.42	84.1	92.74	112.33	84.82
CO (mg/m³)
90 days before pregnancy	0.98	0.27	0.59	0.75	0.93	1.18	1.51	1.35
First trimester	0.94	0.24	0.60	0.75	0.89	1.10	1.44	1.81
Second trimester	0.90	0.23	0.58	0.73	0.83	1.05	1.43	1.41
Third trimester	0.91	0.25	0.57	0.72	0.85	1.09	1.42	1.30
Whole gestation	0.91	0.12	0.69	0.83	0.89	0.98	1.17	0.83
NO₂ (μg/m³)
90 days before pregnancy	33.27	9.95	17.44	24.60	33.09	41.15	53.18	49.85
First trimester	31.28	9.25	16.66	23.16	30.92	39.29	47.61	54.06
Second trimester	30.95	9.75	16.68	22.11	30.07	39.36	48.73	43.73
Third trimester	32.21	9.56	16.69	23.67	32.09	40.43	48.91	44.45
Whole gestation	31.26	3.84	25.15	28.20	30.89	34.27	38.39	22.58
SO₂ (μg/m³)
90 days before pregnancy	24.27	11.52	8.50	15.22	21.58	31.42	48.56	55.45
First trimester	22.27	10.60	6.91	14.36	19.80	28.68	47.93	57.61
Second trimester	20.25	9.27	7.46	13.65	17.88	24.72	44.17	54.99
Third trimester	20.76	9.94	7.74	13.36	18.40	25.45	45.48	51.94
Whole gestation	20.94	5.90	10.66	16.71	20.51	24.53	33.04	28.08
O₃ (μg/m³)
90 days before pregnancy	103.21	25.58	61.69	78.77	106.82	125.67	143.12	130.14
First trimester	108.98	23.94	64.41	88.77	114.26	128.42	144.31	150.23
Second trimester	110.41	24.06	64.55	90.64	116.66	129.13	145.97	175.62
Third trimester	104.04	22.99	63.33	83.70	107.07	122.57	141.05	111.41
Whole gestation	106.92	8.69	89.73	100.53	106.38	114.49	121.64	50.19

PM particulate matter, CO carbon monoxide, NO₂ nitrogen dioxide, SO₂ sulfur dioxide, O₃ ozone

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