Table 8 Risk of bias
Author(s) | A. Selection bias | B. Study design | C. Confounders | D. Blinding | E. Data collection methods | F. Withdrawals and drop-outs | G. Intervention integrity | H. Analyses | Global ratings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akhmat et. al.[30] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Akinlo & Sulola [31] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Biadgilign et. al.[32] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Cardona et. al. [33] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Chireshe & Ocran [34] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Cornia et. al.[35] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Corsi & Subramanian [36] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Harttgen et. al.[37] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Jemiluyi [38] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Kofi Boachie et. al. [39] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Mogford [40] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Namahoro & Mugabushaka [41] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Nyamuranga & Shin [42] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Ogujiuba & Omoju [43] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Okoye et. al.[44] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Salahuddin et. al.,[45] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Sede & Izilien [46] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |
Yaya et al. [47] | Strong | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Not applicable | Not applicable | Strong | Strong |