Table 7 Thematic analysis of barriers to the Utilisation of AYFHS in Ghana
Major theme | Specific barrier | Authors |
|---|---|---|
Personal factors | Female adolescent | [5] |
Muslim | [5] | |
No education | [5] | |
Negative perception about health workers | Abuosi et al., [2] | |
Peer influence | Abuosi et al., [2] | |
Financial constraints | ||
Fear | Abuosi et al., [2] | |
Lack of information | Abuosi et al., [2] | |
Early sexual debut | [21] | |
Non-use of contraception | [21] | |
Yong person with disabilities | Kumi-Kyereme et al., [32] | |
Being deaf | Kumi-Kyereme et al., [32] | |
Good perception of health status | Kumi-Kyereme et al., [32] | |
Lack of health insurance | Kumi-Kyereme et al., [32] | |
Low awareness and knowledge about AYFHS | ||
Perceived high cost of AYFHS | [14] | |
Family/interpersonal factors | Lack of parental support | Abuosi et al., [2] |
Negative parental attitudes towards seeking AYFHS | Amankwa et al., [7] | |
Lack of parental/guardian consent | [27] | |
Facility factors | Inadequate physical space and privacy | Abuosi et al., [2] |
Shortage of medicines and supplies | Abuosi et al., [2] | |
Inconvenient operating time | Abuosi et al., [2] | |
Long waiting time | Abuosi et al., [2] | |
Low-quality services | [21] | |
Service provider factors | Negative attitudes of healthcare providers | |
Lack of confidentiality | ||
Disrespect for adolescents | Abuosi et al., [2] | |
Discrimination | Abuosi et al., [2] | |
Judgmental attitudes | Abuosi et al., [2] | |
Opposite-gender service provider | Addo et al., [2] | |
Older service provider | Addo et al., [3] | |
Community/Community factors | Poor social norms | Amankwa et al., 2018; [33] |
Poor attitudes of teachers of society on the use of AYFHS | Amankwa et al., [7] | |
The unacceptability of adolescent sexual activity and its consequences | [21] | |
Religious teaching about abstinence and premarital sex | [21] | |
Religious doctrines that frown on contraceptive usage | Addo et al., [3] | |
Lack of comprehensive sex education | [21] |