Table 2 Global burden of different types of gynecological diseases among women of childbearing age in 2021 and their average annual percentage changes from 1990 to 2021

HIV/AIDS

16,378,796.14 (13,002,587.28–20,997,995.28)

829.75 (658.24–1063.9)

1.6 (1.14 to 2.07)

 < 0.001

265,696.44 (205,247.78–348,436.39)

13.39 (10.34–17.56)

1.58 (1.09 to 2.06)

 < 0.001

670,804.13 (579,764.81–782,486.58)

34.73

(30.03–40.54)

− 1.93 (− 2.22 to − 1.65)

 < 0.001

16,497,874.15 (15,584,846.64–17,544,995)

830.87 (784.57–884.29)

3.85 (3.48 to 4.22)

 < 0.001

Sexually transmitted infections excluding HIV

700,302.55 (416,101.03–1170891.54)

35.45 (21.1–59.17)

− 0.15 (− 0.18 to − 0.11)

 < 0.001

2215.02 (1345.93–3147.82)

0.11 (0.07–0.16)

− 1.28 (− 1.48 to − 1.08)

 < 0.001

286,514,651.39 (203,966,590.72–390,280,447.3)

14,579.13

(10,398.78–19,805.4)

0.13 (0.05 to 0.21)

0.002

544,454,239.16 (462,796,611.55–636,018,560.96)

27,477.76 (23,342.43–32,118.6)

0.12 (0.08 to 0.16)

 < 0.001

Premenstrual syndrome

7,427,207.92 (4,148,170.82–12,131,572.89)

379.98 (212.13–621.53)

0.04 (0.03 to 0.05)

 < 0.001

NA

NA

NA

NA

232,596,759.97 (143,119,886.08–330272130.4)

11,993.65

(7373.61–17,033.12)

0.04 (0.03 to 0.06)

 < 0.001

889,970,473.02 (618,097,378.23–1,185,904,888.28)

45,504.28 (31,591.54–60,679.05)

0.04 (0.03 to 0.05)

 < 0.001

Endometriosis

1,939,179.55 (1,043,871.12–3,250,764.22)

98.69 (53.12–165.44)

− 0.98 (− 1.03 to − 0.94)

 < 0.001

46.72 (16.87–106.87)

0 (0–0.01)

0.8 (0.31 to 1.29)

0.001

3,439,457.24 (1,795,773.54–5,603,240.06)

178.52

(93.66–290.2)

− 0.97 (− 1 to − 0.93)

 < 0.001

21,045,890.51 (12,874,335.18–31,892,235.3)

1070.7 (654.43–1623.79)

− 0.98 (− 1.03 to − 0.94)

 < 0.001

Female infertility

601,133.5 (124,293.13–1,716,290.98)

30.55 (6.32–87.18)

0.68 (0.58 to 0.78)

 < 0.001

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

110,089,459.27 (31,051,019.4–254,716,760.03)

5586.19 (1580.25–12,917.2)

0.66 (0.57 to 0.76)

 < 0.001

Polycystic ovarian syndrome

576,045.19 (255,576.76–1,200,184.51)

29.51 (13.09–61.49)

0.79 (0.75 to 0.84)

 < 0.001

NA

NA

NA

NA

1,175,074.43 (711,336.35–1,887,245.89)

64.44

(39.07–103.4)

0.7 (0.67 to 0.72)

 < 0.001

65,767,552.9 (46,839,857.45–91,498,217.36)

3364.53 (2395.08–4681.81)

0.81 (0.77 to 0.85)

 < 0.001

Uterine fibroids

99,024.6 (66,843.42–141,126.74)

4.92 (3.32–7.02)

0.01 (− 0.15 to 0.16)

0.948

996.98 (586.28–1318.93)

0.05 (0.03–0.07)

− 0.28 (− 0.43 to − 0.13)

 < 0.001

9,830,184.7 (4,977,545.72–16,246,619.07)

494.22 (249.78–817.56)

0.25 (0.21 to 0.28)

 < 0.001

85,180,728.48 (56,514,987.95–122,225,847.11)

4221.75 (2797.57–6064.56)

0.17 (0.14 to 0.21)

 < 0.001

Genital prolapse

101,961.39 (46,950.67–209,482.13)

5.01 (2.3–10.3)

− 0.77 (− 0.81 to − 0.73)

 < 0.001

20.74 (12.45–29.5)

0 (0–0)

− 1.13 (− 1.34 to − 0.93)

 < 0.001

5,629,892.91 (3,416,878.3–8,480,665.02)

277.83 (168.76–418.44)

− 0.64 (− 0.67 to − 0.62)

 < 0.001

32,019,655.76 (21,885,504.05–44438602.12)

1571.79 (1073.15–2184.28)

− 0.78 (− 0.81 to − 0.74)

 < 0.001

Cervical cancer

4,184,314.17 (3,751,959.2–4,659,907.95)

206.68 (185.28–230.25)

− 1.2 (− 1.33 to − 1.08)

 < 0.001

81,639.89 (73,425.84–90,920.78)

4.02 (3.61–4.47)

− 1.26 (− 1.38 to − 1.13)

 < 0.001

307,427.99 (278,346.99–338,666.85)

15.21 (13.77–16.76)

− 0.4 (− 0.49 to − 0.31)

 < 0.001

2,046,773 (1,858,237.66–2,254,921.98)

101.49 (92.14–111.81)

− 0.01 (− 0.11 to 0.09)

0.855

Uterine cancer

373,681.68 (308,480.56–426,329)

18.29 (15.09–20.88)

− 1.02 (− 1.23 to − 0.82)

 < 0.001

7163.36 (5927.45–8139.5)

0.35 (0.29–0.4)

− 1.12 (− 1.32 to − 0.92)

 < 0.001

58,860.14 (50,122.62–66,326.97)

2.87 (2.44–3.23)

0.54 (0.31 to 0.78)

 < 0.001

483,867.67 (412,704.51–544,244.39)

23.59 (20.11–26.54)

0.64 (0.35 to 0.92)

 < 0.001

Ovarian cancer

1,294,995.57 (1,125,255.2–1,446,127.87)

64.04 (55.59–71.56)

− 0.2

(− 0.32 to − 0.07)

0.002

25,257.83 (22,047.49–28,131.91)

1.24 (1.08–1.38)

− 0.26 (− 0.39 to − 0.12)

 < 0.001

85,748.81 (74,200.59–95,797.26)

4.27 (3.69–4.78)

0.23 (0.13 to 0.33)

 < 0.001

522,318.7 (452,336.73–584,164.21)

26.14 (22.61–29.26)

0.42 (0.33 to 0.51)

 < 0.001

Benign and in situ cervical and uterine neoplasms

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

491,979.2 (315,141.32–729,851.7)

24.81 (15.89–36.82)

0.34 (0.11 to 0.57)

0.004

1,373,743.89 (926,463.55–1,919,949.3)

68.54 (46.19–95.78)

0.15 (− 0.12 to 0.42)

0.272

Other gynecological diseases

11,541,889.1 (7,025,556.83–17,560,389.09)

577.82 (351.42–879.75)

− 0.12

(− 0.15 to − 0.1)

 < 0.001

2676.82 (1690.8–3388.68)

0.14 (0.09–0.17)

0.28 (0.14 to 0.41)

 < 0.001

358,267,612.4 (252,575,236.83–477,616,931.37)

18,020.33 (12,705.37–24,031.07)

− 0.11 (− 0.13 to − 0.09)

 < 0.001

400,683,775.69 (294,902,854.99–524,342,218.88)

20,089.73 (14,773.4–26,322.7)

− 0.09 (− 0.11 to − 0.07)

 < 0.001